Active&passive sentences

1. Passive Sentence

Dalam bahasa Inggris terdapat kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif layaknya bahasa Indonesia. Pada kalimat aktif (active sentence) subjek melakukan pekerjaan terhadap objek. Sementara pada kalimat pasif (Passive sentence) objek dilakui pekerjaan oleh subjek.

Pada bahasa Inggris bentuk pasif ditandai dengan to be + V3.

Perhatikan Ulasan berikut!

Present simple

Rumus: am/is/are + V3

Contoh:

Active : Somebody holds a ceremony. (Seseorang menyelenggarakan sebuah upacara)

Passive : A ceremony is held by somebody. (sebuah upacara diselenggarakan oleh seseorang)

Contoh lain:

Some traditional celebrations are still celebrated by villagers. (beberapa perayaan tradisional masih dirayakan oleh penduduk desa)

Many legends are told by old people. (banyak legenda diceritakan oleh orang baya)

Past simple

Rumus: was/were + V3

Contoh:

Active : The King of Majapahit built the castle.

Passive : The castle was built by the King of Majapahit. (istana itu dibangun oleh raja Majapahit)

Contoh lain:

The village was destroyed by a great disaster. (desa itu dihancurkan oleh bencana besar)

The boat was kicked by Sangkuriang. (perahu itu ditendang oleh sangkuriang)



Active / Passive Verb Forms

Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English.


Active Form

In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.


[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]


Examples:


The professor teaches the student.


Passive Form

In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.


[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

Examples:


The student are taught by the professor


sumber : http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html

Command&request

Command and Request
definition and example
-A command is a sentence that orders someone to do something. It ends with a period(.) or an exclamation mark(!)
Example:
Go to your school !
Call the police!
-A request is a sentence that asks someone to do something. It ends with a period (.) or a question mark(?).
Example:
Could you cLose the door?
Please close the door.
Usually we are told in the language or command to do something called a command line / request (Command and Request).
“The words” messenger thats plus with “lah” and ends with an exclamation point (!) Is like “duduklah!” or “pergilah!”.
In English, the word “Lah” did not exist. So if we want to get someone to do something, only the verb are placed in front of the sentence itself is getting the meaning of “Lah” in the sentence.
example:
Come here! It means let’s here!
Try to speak in english! That means try to speak English!
Study diligently! Means diligently learn!
If the sentence is not a verb, then use “be” in front of the sentence because it is the verb to be. But this “be” has nothing mean / translation.
example:
Be good to her! Well-meaning very well to him!
Be diligent! Means to be diligent!



Sumber :
http://www.wartawarga.gunadarma.ac.id

Modal Auxliaries

MODAL AUXILIARIES



Modal auxiliary verbs give more information about the function of the main verb that follows it.
ABILITY
Can Can Ofter Could Ofter Can Ofter


Be able to am Was Shall
is Were Will
are

PERMISSION
May May Might Ofter May
Might Might


Can Can Could Ofter Can
Could Could


OBLIGATION
ADVISABILITY
Should Should Ofter Should Have Should Ofter
Offered

Ought to Ought to Ofter Ought to have Ought to Ofter
Offered


NECESSITY
Must Must Ofter Had to Ofter Must Ofter


Have to Have Had to Ofter Will
Has Shall



POSSIBILITY
May May May May
Might Might Might












Examples :

ABILITY
Can you type?
When I was young, I could/was able to climb any tree in the forest.
Our Baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.

PERMISSION
I may leave the office as soon as I have finished.
Can I have a drink of water?
In those days, anyone could enroll for this course.
May I bring my niece to your party tomorrow night?

OBLIGATION (What one is expected to do)
You Should / Ought to do your homework every day.
John should have gone to dentist yesterday.
*) should and ought to, used for obligation, normally have the same meaning but should is the
more usual form

ADVISABILITY( What is wise for one to do)
She should/ ought to eat less if she wants to lose weight.
You should/ ought to study hard if you want to pass examinations.

NECESSITY
This an excellent book. You must/have to read it.
*) MUST is generally felt stronger than HAVE TO.

POSSIBILITY
Tom may lend you the money.
If you invited him, he might come.
If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.


Sumber : Digital books Gunadarma.