Abortion

For years, abortion has been an extremely controversial subject. One important aspect of the controversy is whether a woman should
Be permitted by law to have an abortion and, if so, under what circumstance. Another is whether, and to what extent laws should protect the unborn. People who wish to legally limit or forbid abortions describe themselves as ”Pro - life”. Those who believed that
a woman should have the right to have an abortion may refer to themselves as ”Pro – choice”.

Arguments against abortion are based on the belief that an abortion is the unjustified killing of an unborn child. Most people who oppose abortion believe that human life begins when a sperm fertilises an egg. Another argument against abortion is that laws allowing it on demand will increase irresponsible pregnancies and lead to disrespect for human life. The Roman Catholic Church is a chief opponent of abortion. Conservative branches of other religions also oppose abortion.

Many people approve of abortion under certain circumstance. Some aprrove of abortion if a woman’s life or health is endangered by her pregnancy. Other recommend abortion when there is danger that the child will be born with a serious mental or physical defect. They also approve of abortion when pregnancy has resulted from rape or incest.

Many people who think that a woman should have the right to choose to have an abortion distinguish between human life and personhood. They argue that personhood implies both the capacity for self conscious thought and acceptance as a member of a social community. These people believe a fetus is not a person and is thus not entitled to rights normally given to a person. Such pro – choice supporters agree with the view that birth represents the beginning of personhood.

Another pro – choice arguments is that legalising abortions has eliminated many illegal abortions performed by unskilled practitioners under unsanitary conditions. These abortions often caused deaths and permanent reproductive injuries. Abortion on demand also prevent many unwanted births and may thus be a factor in lowering infant and child abuse, neglect, and death rates. Also some argue that women should not have to bear unwanted children in a world of growing population and diminishing natural resources.

As a result of this controversy, abortion laws vary from country to country. In Russia, where abortion has been legal since 1920, it is allowed up to about the fourth month of pregnancy, purely of request, ans is commonly used as method of birth control. In some countries, such as the Philiphines, Indonesia, and Bangladesh, abortion is only allowed when pregnancy threatens the mother’s life. South Africa, New Zealand, and Hongkong allow abortion when the fetus is severely damaged. In the Republic of Ireland, the operation may only be performed when either the mother’s or baby’s life is in danger.




Taken From The World Book Encyclopedia, 1996